

This study presents the first homemade THz Time Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system in Thailand, developed to overcome the high cost and limited availability of commercial systems. The setup includes locally made photoconductive antenna (PCAs) (using electron-beam-irradiated SI-GaAs) and a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser, achieving high signal-to-noise ratio and broad bandwidth. System parametersâlike laser power, bias voltage, and scan resolutionâwere carefully optimized to enhance performance.

The system was validated through material characterization experiments, such as measuring the refractive index and thickness of a silicon wafer, and addressing challenges in liquid-phase measurements, including internal reflections and window material selection. A dry-air enclosure was used to reduce moisture interference.
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